混药投料机的设计
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- 混药投料机的设计摘 要
随着农村经济的发展，越来越多的农业生产人员使用现代农业装备来发展生产，减轻劳动强度，提高农产品的质量，增产增收，增加经济效益。我国的水产养殖业发展很快，随着各地养殖规模的不断扩大，采用机械代替人工投饲已被普遍认可。水产养殖专业户在喂养鱼饲料时，大多数采用人工抛料的方法。人工抛料不能保证喂料的均匀性，费时费工，劳动强度大，效率低下，甚至浪费鱼饲料及污染养鱼水质，影响了鱼类的生长发育，增加了养鱼成本。机械投饲有以下好处：节约饲料（较人工投饲节约10%~15%），降低了劳动强度同时节约了劳动支出、增加了鱼的产量。因此混药投料机应运而生。目前在淡水类渔业的养殖中，使用的投饵机都没有药物自动喷涂系统，在鱼业的疾病防治与治疗中大多还是采用传统的人工搅拌方法，这样不但劳动效率低，提高了工人的劳动强度，最主要的是传统的人工搅拌方法使饲料与药物的混合均匀度很低，这样不但药物的利用率低，还污染了水体，为了解决这一问题，本人在TEJ30水产养殖自动投饵机的基础之上研制开发了一套药物自动喷涂系统，该系统设定参数为喷雾流量，喷雾时间和喷雾强度；同时还从工艺和性能要求方面介绍了本药物自动喷涂系统的设计和工艺加工过程。
关键词：水产养殖；机械投饲；自动投料机；疾病防治与治疗；
Abstract
With the development of the rural economy, a growing number of agricultural production, the use of modern agricultural equipment to develop production, reduce labor intensity and improve the quality of agricultural products, increase income, increase cost effectiveness. China's aquaculture industry has developed rapidly, with the various parts of the expansion culture, the use of machinery instead of manual Feeding has been generally recognized. Specialized households aquaculture fish feed in the feeding, most adopt the methods of artificial material behind. Artificial feeding can not guarantee that throw material homogeneity and time-consuming work, labor-intensive, inefficient, and even a waste of fish feed and fish water pollution, affecting the growth of fish, an increase of the cost of fish. Feeding machine has the following advantages: saving feed (Artificial Feeding savings than 10% ~ 15%), reducing the labor intensity of labor-saving expenditure at the same time, an increase of fish production. Therefore fish feeder for automatic sprinklers came into being. Freshwater fisheries in the culture category, the use of drugs are not feeding machine automatic spray system, in the fish industry for Disease Control and Prevention and treatment of the majority or the traditional method of manual mixing, so that labor is not only inefficient and labor to improve workers strength, the most important is the traditional method of manual stirring a mixture of feed and drugs is very low evenness, so that the low utilization rate of not only drugs, but also polluted the water body, in order to solve this problem, I TEJ50 of aquaculture in the automatic feeding machine the basis of a set of drug research and development of automatic spraying system, which set the parameters for the spray flow, spray time and spray intensity; At the same time from the process and performance requirements introduced the automatic spraying system of drug design and processing technology.
Key words: aquaculture; Mechanical Feeding; automatic feeding machine; disease prevention and treatment;
目 录
1 绪论···································································1
1.1 前言······························································1
1.2 鱼饵投料机概述···············································1
1.2.1 我国鱼饵投料机使用现状和发展态势·····························1
1.2.2 鱼饵投料机的类型和应用······························1
2 混药投料机总体方案设计·············································3
2.1 混药投料机的工作过程及其原理·······································3
2.2 混药投料机的组成···················································3
2.3 混药投料机设计··················································3
3 混药投料机各部件计算选择···············································4
3.1 抛料盘的计算·················································4
3.1.1 抛料盘的转速计算··········································4
3.1.2 抛料盘功率的计算·········································5
3.1.3 抛料盘配套电机的选择······································5
3.2 水泵的计算··············································5
3.2.1 水泵流量计算··············································5
3.2.2 水泵的扬程计算···········································6
3.2.3 水泵功率的计算···············································8
3.2.4 水泵效率的计算········································9
3.2.5 允许吸上真空高度·············································9
3.2.6 水泵转速·············································9
3.2.7 水泵功率·············································9
3.2.8 水泵配套电机的选择·······································9
3.3 喷头的计算················································10
3.3.1 喷头进水口直径选择·········································10
3.3.2 喷头喷嘴直径计算····································10
3.3.3 喷头喷嘴仰角的选择·······································10
3.3.4 喷头压力要求··········································10
3.3.5 喷头流量计算·········································10
3.3.6 喷头的有效射程·······································10
3.3.7 喷头的喷灌强度计算········································11
3.3.8 喷头的基本外形尺寸计算····································11
3.4 过滤器的选择··············································12
3.5 喷灌管道的选取·············································13
3.6 药箱的选取·············································13
3.7 联轴器的选取··················································13
4 总结·······························································15
参考文献·······················································15
1 绪 论
1.1 前 言
近些年来，随着我国淡水养鱼业的迅速发展和单位面积产量的提高，养鱼机械已经成为不可缺少的设备。在一定面积范围的鱼塘内，要提高单位面积的产量，就必须增加鱼苗的投放尾数。然而天然的饲料往往不能满足鱼类生长的需要，需要进行人工饲料的补充。鱼用饲料自动投饵机可以实现远距离，定点定时定量的机械投料，克服了传统的人工投料劳动强度大，饲料投放不均匀，生产成本高等问题，实现了人工饲喂的机械化，自动化生产。随着养殖现代化自动化的发展，采用机械化投料，实现自动化已经被广泛认可。统计表明：在节约饲料（较人工投喂节约10%-15%），降低劳动强度和节约成本，提高生产率这三项统计上，使用鱼饲料自动投饵机的渔场，单位每台年效益好的在6000元左右，差的亦在1500元以上，广大养殖户尤其是大规模的养殖专业户对鱼饲料自动投饵机的需求很大。
然而，虽然随着我国渔业养殖的迅速发展和相关的渔业养殖机械的不断更新发展，市场上出现了许许多多的各种各样的鱼用饲料自动投饵机，但在鱼类疾病的预防与治疗中还处于比较传统的人工搅拌阶段。采用人工搅拌的方法，不但劳动效率低，提高了工人的劳动强度，最主要的是还存在药物与饲料的混合均匀度差的问题，这样不但造成药物的浪费，还存在水体污染的问题.为了解决这一问题，本人在TEJ30水产养殖自动投饵机的基础之上，再结合实际的生产生活需要，开发研制了一款带有药物自动喷涂系统的鱼饲料自动投饵机。
本设计工作主要分两部分，第一部分是鱼饲料自动投饵机的设计，第二部分主要是药物喷涂系统的设计。两部分的设计方案都由本人独立完成，在设计的过程中我查阅了鱼饲料自动投饵机的相关资料和农用喷灌机械的相关资料，在老师的指导和同学的帮助下顺利地完成了这次设计任务。
设计过程中，由于本人的水平有限，必然会有很多的不足之处，敬请各位老师批评指导。
1.2 鱼饵投料机概述
1.2.1我国投料机使用现状和发展态势
目前，随着池塘精养高产、高密度养殖事业的发展，投饵机已在养殖业中普遍应用。使用投饵机进行定时、定量、均匀准确投喂，可大幅度提高饲料的利用效率，降低饵料系数，减少养鱼的生产成本，同时又能提高工人的劳动效率，减轻劳动强度。可是目前生产中使用的投饵机控制系统存在着定时不准确、可靠性差、投饵与间歇时间设置不合理、不能调节投饵距离、浪费饵料等问题。研究池塘投饵机准确控制系统，开发新技术和新产品，成为投饵机推广应用的关键技术问题。
1.2.2渔用自动投饵机的类型和应用...
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