120t电站锅炉设计毕业论文
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- 120t电站锅炉设计燃贫煤120吨/小时电站锅炉及主要部件设计
摘 要
电站锅炉是利用燃料燃烧释放的热能加热给水，以获取规定参数(温度、压力)和品质的蒸汽的设备。我国电力工业是规模巨大、发展迅速的先行工业，已居世界前列。
本次设计根据给定的毕业设计任务书，参考相关资料，结合工程实际情况，在分析锅炉的基本构造、工作过程及基本特性的基础上，对燃贫煤120 t/h电站锅炉进行设计。锅炉主体采用最典型的Π型布置方式，燃烧方式采用四角切圆燃烧。炉膛出口布置凝渣管，水平烟道布置两级过热器，垂直下行烟道交错布置两级省煤器和两级空气预热器。另外本设计进行了炉膛设计计算、锅炉各对流受热面的设计计算、气包与联箱的强度校核计算、烟风阻力计算。在热力计算中，利用相似原理，采用逐次逼近法，进行迭代计算，确定炉体及相关部件的尺寸。并用Excel编制了煤粉锅炉设计计算表，输入对应参数后可自动计算并输出结果，适用于总体布置相似的所有煤粉锅炉。
锅炉的设计效率为90.578%，炉膛横截面积为38.117m2，炉膛容积为600.377m3。从计算结果得知，该锅炉设计合理，效率较高，可供工程实际设计参考，若能工程实施，将能带来较好的社会效益与经济效益。本毕业设计论文包括设计说明书及计算书一份、锅炉系统总图一张、锅炉水管系统图一张、锅筒图一张、集箱零件图一张。
关键词 锅炉；热力计算；结构设计；强度计算；烟风阻力计算
Design of 120t/h power boiler system and main parts with bituminous coal
Abstract
The power plant boiler is a equipment that can use thermal energy released by the fuel burnt for heating up the water, and can gain the steam of stipulation parameter (temperature, pressure) and quality. In the modern age, the development of electric power industry which experiences the huge scale and rapid development, has occupied the world front row in our country.
According to the graduation design task that the tutor gave definitely, this design combines the operation experience of the project practice and consult the relevant design data, a 120t/h power plant boiler burning bituminous coal is designed on the basis of consulting concerning references and analyzing basic structure ,working process and general features of the boiler. Typical Π type boiler and tangential firing burner are adopted. The screen tube is distributed at the outer gate of the furnace; primary and secondary superheater in the horizontal flue and higher and lower level economizers cross-connectedly in the vertical flue. In addition, designing calculation of furnace, convective heating surface, intensity of drum and smoke-wind resistance of boiler are accomplished. It should be emphasized that similarity criterion and successive approximation method with iterative computing are used in heating calculation. And the chart was constituted for designing pulverized coal boiler with Excel software. After inputting correspondence parameter, it was able to compute and output result automatically. The chart was suitable in all pulverized coal boilers which have similar configuration.
The efficiency、sectional area and volume of the designed boiler are 90.578%, 38.117 m2, 600.377m3 respectively. It can be seen from the calculating result that the total design can gain both the economical benefit and the social benefit, which indicates the design can be provided as reference of actual engineering design. This graduation design paper included a design instruction，a systemic drawing of boiler, a drawing of tube ,a drawing of drum and a drawing of header’s components.
Keywords Boiler Thermodynamic; enengy calculation; Internsity calaulation;
The smoke and breeze resistance calculation
不要删除行尾的分节符，此行不会被打印
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
第2章 锅炉总体结构与设计简介 4
2.1 锅炉结构概述 4
2.2 方案论证 5
2.2.1 燃烧方式选择 5
2.2.2 锅炉的总体布置 5
2.2.3 炉膛设计 5
2.2.4 过热器与减温器的选取 6
2.2.5 省煤器的选取 6
2.2.6 空气预热器的选取 6
2.2.7 钢架、平台和扶梯 7
2.2.8 炉墙 7
2.2.9 锅炉范围内的阀门仪表 7
2.3 本章小结 7
第3章 热力计算 8
3.1 锅炉规范、辅助计算及热平衡计算 8
3.1.1 基本参数 8
3.1.2 煤种及燃料特性 8
3.1.3 辅助计算 9
3.2 热力计算 13
3.2.1 燃烧室设计及传热计算 13
3.2.2 凝渣管的传热计算 20
3.2.3 过热器的传热计算 24
3.2.4 省煤气和空气预热器的传热计算 33
3.3 热力计算结果汇总 47
3.4 本章小结 48
第4章 强度计算 49
4.1 锅筒强度校核计算 49
4.1.1 锅筒筒体强度校核计算 50
4.1.2 孔的加强计算 51
4.2 下降管联箱的强度设计计算 55
第5章 烟风阻力计算 60
5.1 烟气侧流阻计算 60
5.2 空气预热器空气侧流阻计算 66
5.3 引、送风机的选取 68
5.4 本章小结 69
第6章 结 论 70
致 谢 71
参考文献 72
附录A 英文资料翻译 73
附录B Excel计算表使用说明 99
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